A review on the manufacturing techniques of porous hydrophobic ceramic membranes applied to direct contact membrane distillation

Porous hydrophobic ceramic membranes have been increasingly applied in advanced membrane-based separation processes such as Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) due to their higher chemical and mechanical resistances. The development of novel enhanced with porosity is based on conventional techniques extrusion tape casting, unique processing dry–wet spinning vacuum filtration. relationships between shaping surface hydrophobization related the membrane structure, properties performance DCMD are explained this work. manufacturing technique influences characteristics, consequently permeability DCMD. Recent research focused high porous hollow fibre by spinning. In contrast grafting alkylsilanes, vapour deposition process has an effective modifying enhance hydrophobicity. Ceramic mostly desalination little researched concerning they can offer, superhydrophobicity use a harsh environment. addition review techniques, polymer-derived (PDC) proposed one-step route for Although only handful works addressed PDC DCMD, great potential these materials forecast.